Youth Voluntary Organization for National Development and International Cooperation


2008 INTERNATIONAL WORK CAMP CALENDER

Uganda Pioneers´ Association International Work Camps 2008

Uganda Pioneers´ Association (UPA) is a youth voluntary organisation working with community projects, work camps and volunteer exchange. UPA was founded in 1989 by young Ugandans with the aim of mobilising youth to contribute to community development through voluntary work. UPA has a national secretariat located in Kampala, Nansana and currently operates with 10 Branches in seven districts in Uganda.

The Aim of UPA: “To promote community based development, intercultural cooperation and youth participation through voluntary work”.

The Objectives of UPA
· To encourage the dynamic age group (youth) to take leading roles towards development.
· To promote and improve natural and acquired skills useful to the community.
· To promote and exchange cultures to create friendship and mutual understanding.
· To contribute to the development of community based social services.

Work camps have been used as means for building local communities. Volunteers from all over the world have come together and through common efforts community centres, health units, small scale farming plots and much more has been constructed. Friendship cross borders has been created and barriers between people from different cultures broken down.

Work camps as a tool for development
Through the new work camps; the Participants acquire new skills, experience, get new ideas and are exposed to development issues. The Community benefits through participation, education, sensitisation, new constructions and poverty reduction.

In 2008 UPA has planned 12 work camps in different parts of Uganda. The work camps are hosted by the UPA branches in Arua, Gulu, Bukomero, Central, Packwach, UPACT, Luweero and Kikooba. The themes of the work camps vary from Peace and Reconciliation, Environment and Sanitation, Sustainable Development, Music, dance and drama and HIV/AIDS.
You are most welcome to join UPA for these workcamps.

How to participate
If you wish to participate in a UPA work camp, please contact the UPA secretariat on e-mail: uganda_pioneers22@hotmail.com or call +256 (0)772 450 399, +256 312 274 703 OR
+256 (0)782 110 662.

International participants are required to pay a fee of 250 Euros. The fee covers pick up in the airport or bus station upon arrival in Uganda, Orientation at the UPA guesthouse, local transport to and from the work camp, food and accommodation during the work camp. The fee also contributes to the running and activities taking place during the work camp and communication prior to the camp. Accommodation is basic. In most cases work campers will be sleeping in community halls or schools. Work campers should bring mosquito nets and bedding. Local food is prepared by the work campers on charcoal stoves or open fire. For more information about the specific camps and activities UPA provides an info sheet on request.
Participants are advised to arrive 2 days before commencement of the project applied for.


Duration: 3 weeks work camps
Participation fee: International volunteers 250 Euros (Two Hundred fifty)
YCP & EAWA organisations cater for their own transport

Cancellation of participation
Cancellation of participation before the project resumes while in Uganda a refund is negotiable. In case a volunteer cancels his/her participation during the work camp, it is not possible to refund any amount of the participation fee back to them. This is because a lot of money goes to the communication, airport pick up, orientation, prior preparations before the work camp and other logistics. However if a volunteer cancels his/her participation before arriving in Uganda, he will be given back the entire fee if payments where made prior to there arrival in the country.

About Uganda
Uganda is a beautiful country gifted by nature. Volunteers may take time off after the work camp to visit National parks (lions, Elephants, Kobs Buffalos etc), go white water rafting, visit the mountain gorillas and enjoy the Ugandan sun. For further information visit www.visituganda.com.



2008 UPA International work camp Schedule.

Work Camp Code	Work camp dates	UPA Branch	Theme
UPA 001	14th January – 4th February	Bamunanika Children’s Centre	Building Hope and Positive living in HIV/AIDS orphans
UPA 002	6th March – 27th March	Bukomero	Environment Conservation and Construction
UPA 003	2nd June– 23rd June	Arua	HIV/AIDS
UPA 004	7th July -28th July	Central	Construction, Sanitation and Cultural Heritage
UPA 005	9thJuly -30th July	Gulu	Democracy as a tool to promote Peace and construction work.
UPA 006	14th July – 4th August	Bukomero	Renovation work and Environment Conservation
UPA 007	4th August – 25th August	UPACT	Music, dance and drama production and promotion
UPA 008	11th August – 1st September	Basajjansolo	HIV/AIDS Prevention and care
UPA 009	18th August – 8th September	Central	Construction
UPA 010	15th September – 6th October	Packwach	Promoting Responsible attitudes for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care
UPA011	13th October – 3rd November	Bukomero	Construction and Agro forestry work
UPA012	27th October - 17th November	Kikooba	Community Sanitation, Construction and Sports

‘HIV/AIDS ORPHAN’S PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT AND LIFE SKILLS TRAINING WORK CAMP’ by Basajjansolo Community Development Association Duration: 3 WEEKS Dates: 14th January – 4th February
PROJECT'S NAME	Basajjansolo Community Development Association
PROJECT THEME	“Building Hope and Positive living in HIV/AIDS orphans”
PROJECT BACK GROUND	Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre (BMTC) is a project of Basajjansolo Community Development Association (BACODA), a community-based organisation founded and registered in 2003 under Ref NO. CD - 312 - 03 of Luwero District Community Development Department committed to work for the plight of HIV/AIDS, other disadvantaged orphans and vulnerable children through offering them basic education, life skills and career training. BMTC today offers education to 48 children aged 6 – 9 years. Bamunanika Children’s Centre (BCC) is a facility built to offer HIV/AIDS orphans interaction, moral building, and psychosocial support and above all build their hope to live positively. Orphans live in their respective homes only come to the centre on selected days for psychosocial support activities. The Centre was built by Bamunanika community with help from Plan Uganda. The Centre to date looks after 150 orphans. Because BACODA, BCC and Uganda Pioneers continue to pursue a similar cause of improving the living conditions of orphans through emotional healing and psychosocial support to reduce their vulnerability, the need to organise a joint project to compliment each other in the struggle is therefore inevitable. With the HIV/AIDS rate still at 6.5 – 7% in the Country, the burden of handling its consequences particularly that of orphans remains a huge challenge; many more orphans continue to become parents at a very tender age of as low as 10 years, while others continue to live at the mercy of their helpless grand parents who often do not provide all for a happy living of a growing child. Faced with this desperate and miserable situation many of these orphans continue to loose hope thence increasing their vulnerability to social evils including drug abuse, rape, prostitution, under age marriage, child labour, gambling to mention a few. It is on this background that UPA, BACODA and Bamunanika Children’s Centre are organizing this Children’s workcamp. The three - week workcamp shall bring together 35 orphans aged 8– 16 years and 15 volunteers in a series of psychosocial support activities for interaction on one hand and open discussion sessions to empower the orphans wisely manage their lives on the other hand.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

To sensitize children on their rights towards making informed decisions To build hope in HIV/AIDS and other disadvantaged orphans To sensitise 5,000 people in Luwero through forum theatre on the need to care for HIV/AIDS orphans as means to reduce Stigma and discrimination. To offer HIV/AIDS, other disadvantaged orphans and vulnerable children opportunity to interact and share good practices To equip 25 orphans and representatives of Civil Society organizations with life skills.

EXPECTED RESULTS

5000 people in Luwero shall be sensitized on caring for HIV/AIDS orphans 25 orphans and representatives of organizations shall be equipped with life skills. 2 HIV/AIDS orphans’ clubs and 2 child rights advocacy groups shall be established

ACTIVITIES	Psychosocial support activities Home visits to HIV/AIDS affected families and Post AIDS Clubs Interaction with HIV/AIDS orphans through sports, games and theatre Drawing and painting of pictures One-day competitive sports gala Training Sessions in · Life skills · Body Changes · Community Health Education · Child rights and advocacy · HIV/AIDS and STDs · Facilitation skills Community work · The Children and participants will build a room for one selected HIV/AIDS affected family in Bamunanika
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL VISITS	Home visits to HIV/AIDS affected families Visits to health centers Visit post AIDS clubs Visit Bamunanika Kings Palace and Cotton Ginnery Kyampisi hill climbing. A cultural night will be organised for the different nationalities at the work camp
WHO QUALIFIES TO PARTICIPATE?	35 orphans and vulnerable children (10 – 16 yrs) shall be selected from Bamunanika Children’s Centre, Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre and Kikooba Infant School and 15 volunteers from UPA and International volunteers One with Positive attitude, willing to interact easily. Willing to take up tasks as peer educators Ambition to help HIV/AIDS orphans and affected families Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation No expertise/skills required
LOCATION	The work camp shall be hosted at Bamunanika Children’s Centre is located at 50 km on Luwero – Gulu Road and 15 km on Wobulenzi Bamunanika road in Luwero District which is located in the central part of Uganda boarded by Wakiso District in the south, Nakasongola in the north, Nakaseke in the North-west.

HEALTH SERVICES

Bamunanika Childrens’ Centre is adjacent to Bamunanika Health Centre and a Church Health Centre (Private) is just 5 minutes walk across the road.

THE HOST COMMUNITY

The project location is in a predominantly Baganda population speaking Luganda with a good number fluent in English. The work camp shall draw participating children from the orphans and vulnerable children from Bamunanika Children’s Centre, Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre and Kikooba Infant School and volunteers from Uganda Pioneers Association. The local Community shall be involved in the project during the home visits, forum theatre outreaches and work camp participants’ sports and games presentations to the general public. The debates and discussions shall too be open for participation of the local population. It is hoped that the local community shall heavily benefit in the theatre presentations and discussions where topical issues on extending care to HIV/AIDS orphans shall be discussed.

PARTICIPATION	A maximum of 50 participants is expected from the orphans, UPA and International volunteers. Participants are expected to be engaged in Games, sports, theatre, Drama, open group discussions and conduct community outreaches to the 6 villages in Bamunanika on HIV/AIDS orphans’ care and HIV/AIDS
WATER SOURCE	The BCC has a 10,000 litre water tank and bore hole.
CLIMATE	January is a dry season.. It may at times be wet. Bringing a rain coat, rubber boats, warm cloth and Umbrella in addition to your summer cloth will be advisable.
ACCOMMODATION	BCC shall provide two rooms for accommodation a kitchen, bathrooms and pit latrines. Participants shall be required to carry along own working cloth, sleeping mats, bags and mosquito nets.
MEALS	Participants will divide themselves in Groups to prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from.

‘Construction of a Youth centre and Environment Conservation’ by Bukomero UPA Branch Duration: 3 WEEKS Dates: 6th March - 27th March
PROJECT'S NAME	UPA Bukomero Branch
PROJECT THEME	Construction of a Youth centre and Environment Conservation
PROJECT BACK GROUND	Bukomero is a branch of the Association .it has a farm of more than 50acres of land UPA intends to carry out a construction of a youth Center that will be used by the youth in Bukomero and Kiboga district to access youth friendly activities and trainings in different technical subjects.
ACTIVITIES	Construction of a Youth Centre Brick laying Mixing sand and cement Collecting bricks, mortar and water Environment Conservation Planting 2 acres of different species of trees Preparation of 2 acres of nursery beds with an aim of organic Farming
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL VISITS	Katera historical stones Visit Katera Hill Cultural Nights will be organised for the different countries represented at the work camp
WHO QUALIFIES TO PARTICIPATE?	¨ One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures ¨ Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. ¨ Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation ¨ No expertise/skills required
LOCATION	Bukomero UPA Branch is found in Kiboga District. Kiboga District is located in the central part of Uganda boarded by Luweero District in the northeast, Masindi in the northwest, Mubende district in the south and Kibale district in the southwest.
PHYSICAL LOCATION	The project is situated at Bukomero sub County Zone L.C1, 2km on Hoima Road Town council, 60km North of Kampala on Kampala – Hoima Road.
HEALTH SERVICES	Kiboga Health Centre is only 4 KM, while Bukomero main Hospital is only 1km away.
WATER SOURCE	The water is accessible and clean; the borehole is 50 meters away from the project.
CLIMATE	☼During the period of the camp in March the temperatures will be ranging between 20ċ to 27ċ. It will be sunny with few intervals of rain.
PARTICIPATION	The project expects 30 participants, from the local community, UPA Branch members from around Uganda and International participants from different countries.
THE HOST COMMUNITY	The project location is in a predominantly Baganda population speaking Luganda with a good number fluent in English.
ACCOMMODATION	The project will provide simple rooms with closing doors and windows. Therefore participants are required to carry along with them working shoes, gloves, working cloth, sleeping mats and bags, mosquito nets, their national flags, pictures and different games if possible.
MEALS	Volunteers will prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from

“Young people working together to combat HIV/AIDS by sensitising local communities in the West Nile region” by Arua Branch Duration: 3 Weeks Dates: 2nd – 23rd June
Project Name	UPA Arua Branch
Project Theme	Young people working together to combat HIV/AIDS by sensitising local communities in the West Nile region
Project Background	The diverse multicultural population of West Nile calls for thorough sensitisation and awareness campaign on HIV/AIDS. The region has had a long spell of civil wars and rebellion and has a high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate. Young people being highly sexual active, prone to early marriages and sexual abuse are one of the most affected groups of the population. In lieu of the above most youth are looking forward to western life style that is exaggerated in porno films and the bad culture needs to be addressed. Young people traditionally play a very important role in the peri-urban areas and rural villages as they are the main source of manual labour. Therefore HIV/AIDS has a multiple effect on the livelihood of local communities as well as individuals. UPA Arua Branch has decided to take up the challenge and combat HIV/AIDS with several small scale initiatives. Arua Branch has hosted radio talk shows, home visits and dramas about behavioural change, stigma and ways to deal with HIV/AIDS and entered into working relationship with other local institutions and NGOs. UPA Arua Branch wishes to use the opportunity of the work camp; Young people: “Act Now to Stop HIV/AIDS in West Nile”, to scale up old initiatives as well as designing and testing new methods and activities. We are looking forward to find solutions together to combat the challenge of HIV/AIDS.
Project Objectives	Creating awareness among the youth in Arua district about HIV/Aids and STI/STD and reproductive health Harmonising the cultures that are promote the spreading of HIV/AIDS Explaining the roles of youth in development by sharing ideas through intercultural cooperation and interaction with the local community. Showing the impact of voluntary labour through theatre
Expected Outcome	It is expected after the work camp: · That the non-compliant culture that promotes HIV/AIDS will be harmonised in the local community. · That parents and guardians are empowered to discuss freely about sex education with children. · That youth to youth sharing is encouraged and promoted in the local community. · That serious thinking is invoked and solution found through discussions that creates positive behavioural change. · That UPA Arua office is painted and is more appealing. · That the vision of voluntary work is spread in the local community.
Activities	There shall be forum theatre presentations to the communities and school or villages. Out reach programmes to the villages together with partners like Marie Stopes Clinic International. Visit to Taso Arua and Medicines Sans frontiers (MSF) to offer voluntary help to clients. Organising Picture Painting event through art that depict the effects of HIV/AIDS in the society. Organising and involving sports event like volley ball, Football to promote health. Cleaning and painting the UPA Arua Branch Office and the compound.
Cultural and educational visits	There shall be music and theatre. All the tribes in West Nile are rich in their culture and heritage. Campers shall visit member youth organisations that deal in similar fields and provide youth friendly services.
Who qualify to participate	We encourage participants who are dynamic, tolerant, social and able to handle demanding situations. Any youth from the age of 14 and above can qualify participate with basic knowledge of English. Women and girls are encouraged to participate as they are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Artists, scientists, social workers and students are all welcome for this camp.
Location	UPA Arua Branch is located in Arua in West Nile region of Uganda, close to the borders of Sudan and Congo. The area is characterised by a high level of diversity and a variety of ethnic groups live here. The climate is hot and dry with heavy down pours in the rainy season. The main economic activities are agriculture and tobacco growing. Extensive trade with Sudan and Congo takes place in Arua town and nearby Kobokko. The West Nile is infamously known as the birth place of the former president of Uganda, Idi Amin. The work camp will be situated within Arua town in the western part about 1km from the town centre. The outreaches will take place in various other smaller trading centres and villages around Arua.
The Host Community	The host of the work camp is The Pioneer Youth Partners who are also members of UPA Arua Branch. They comprise of different ethnic groups of the West Nile region like Lugbara, Alur, Acholi, Kakwa and Madi but most speak English well, Swahili, little French inclusive Arabic by the Sudanese member / students are also spoken. The entire group is rich in their culture and traditional heritage.
Participation	We encourage participation of all races in the world and religion as well as encouraging sharing of information from all people of walk of life. We can accommodate up to 10 international volunteers and 10 national members excluding the hosts.
Health Services	There is the Regional Hospital for West Nile, and other private health centres approximately 1 km near the work camp site.
Water Source	There is both piped water at the site and bore hole pumps in a distance of 500m
Climate	The Climate towards the work camp is on average approximately 28 C warm, windy and dry. Bring good shoos and sandals. Don’t forget a hat or buy one at the local market. Women and girls should bring knee length skirts or loose trousers. Men should bring long trousers that are presentable during outreaches.
Accommodation	Local sleeping mates made out of papyrus are available but work campers should bring their own mosquito nets and bedding.
Meals	Volunteers will divide themselves in groups to prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There will be a variety of local foods, from fruits to roots.

“Construction, Sanitation and Cultural Heritage’ by UPA Central Branch Duration: 3 Weeks Date: 7th July -28th July 2008
Project Name	UPA Central Branch
Project Theme	Construction, Sanitation and Cultural Heritage’
Project Background	UPA Central Branch is located in Wakiso District at the premises of UPA Head office in Nansana, Ocheng Zone, eight (8) miles Hoima Road not far from Kampala. Central Branch (Project) is among the ten branches of Uganda Pioneer’s Association spread around Uganda and its main activities are in the area of Sexual Reproductive Healthy sensitization targeting the youth both in school and out of school in Nansana Town Council Wakiso District. In addition to the above Project, Central Branch has been involved in the work camp activities since 1989 working with different communities to assist in the development of communities. For example cleaning water springs, road maintenance, raising school class rooms, healthy centres, community centres and environment conservation (planting trees) etc.
Project Objectives	To improve sanitation in Nansana Town Council and the area around Wamala Tombs. To sensitize people and create awareness on garbage disposal and dangers of poor garbage disposal and ways of averting them. To teach people how to separate garbage e.g. vegetables and plastic for better garbage management. To teach work camp participants/families how to use energy firewood saving stoves to save wood thus reducing cutting of trees.
Expected Outcome	It is expected after the work camp: That sanitation in Nansana Town Council and Wamala Tombs will improve Campers together with the town council management collect garbage to collection points in the two trading centres for disposal Sensitise 20 families about garbage management Distribute 20 trash/garbage cans to two trading centres in Nansana Town council Distribute 500 leaflets on garbage management and environment conservation to homes and shop attendants
Beneficiaries	Primary: Residents of Nansana Town council and Buganda government Secondary: work camp participants
Activities	Distribute 500 leaflets on garbage management and environment conservation to homes and shop attendants One day public sensitisation on garbage management and environment conservation Campers together with family members, town council management in Nansana collect garbage to one place for collection by the town council truck. A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Cultural and Educational visits	During the work camp period the participants will visit the following places: · Visit Wamala King’s tombs: This is a famous place where Buganda Kingdom kings where buried, with a lot of historical information · Visit Kasubi King’s tombs: This is also similar to the above · Visit Entebbe botanical gardens: This is a thick forest with a variety of different tree spices, monkeys, butter flies and birds
Who qualify to participate	Open minded, ready to interact with other people of different cultural background Willing to share his/her experiences Flexible to live/stay in simple life conditions Flexible to the taste of other foods (local) Ready to work on the projects No experience needed
Location	· Nansana Town council is 8kilo meters from Kampala the capital of Uganda, Found in central region of Uganda in Wakiso District
The Host Community	The people found in central Uganda are multi tribal with the majority population being Baganda tribal people. And the major language spoken is Luganda with also a big percentage of people speaking English well. The major food eaten in this region matoke, cassava, sweet potatoes, rice, beans, ground nuts, yams etc. Like most regions in Uganda people in this community always welcome visitors and always interested to talk/work with people from other cultural backgrounds
Participation	The project expects 35 participants maximum with a composition of people from other regions of Uganda and people from the north of the world (that is Europe, Asia and America). The camp participants will be joined by other community people working for 6 hours daily from Monday to Friday. Work collecting rubbish, educative discussion with the community members on sustainable environment management and construction of energy saving stoves.
Health Services	At Nansana the there several medical clinics at distance of less than a kilo meter and the main hospital is at 8 miles in Kampala
Water Source	· Water in Nansana camp site is at the camp site tap water
Climate	The temperatures usually range between 16 and 29 C with few rains during the month of July. This region is very green all the year due to two seasons of rains in the year.
Accommodation and Thing to come with	· We shall provide simple rooms for sleeping · Participant will use their sleeping bags and mats · The camp site have simple bathrooms with no showers · The camp sites have latrines not toilets · And a simple cooking shelter (kitchen) · Participants are requested to bring with them mosquito nets, working clothes and shoes · If any games, information/pictures from home country bring them
Meals	· There several local foods, matooke, cassava, sweet potatoes, · Yams, pumpkin and also rice, spaghetti, meat, fish, ground nuts, beans, peas and different types green vegetables · Fruits can also be easily bought from local markets, mangoes, sweet bananas, water melon, pineapples etc · Participants will chose food to prepare depending on the availability

Democracy as a tool to promote Peace and construction work” by Gulu Branch Duration: 3 weeks Dates: 9thJuly -30th July
Project Name	UPA Gulu Branch
Project Theme	“Youth in diversity, peace building, conflict management and team motivation”
Project Background	UPA Gulu branch works with people affected by war in Northern Uganda Gulu District. Many have been forced out of their homes into camps called Internal Displaced People (IDP) camps during the conflict between the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) and the Ugandan government. Gulu Branch collaborates with various intuitions in the area like World Vision, Action Aid Gulu and many others to assist the youth affected by the war. Through the work camp, Gulu Branch intends to build peace in local communities and IDP camps, and begin the construction of a youth centre.
Project Objectives	To involve youth in community service through volunteer work. To help the youth affected by war, regain their lives back so that they may be useful to their communities and societies at large. To help the local community use democracy tools as a means of promoting peace in the region. To begin the construction of a youth centre that will work as a focal point for youth development in Gulu district.
Expected Outcome	· That people in IDP camps will gain moral support from the work camp participants. · That the vision of voluntary work is spread in the local community. · 4 visits made to conflict areas/camp/communities. · Workshops conducted on peace building mechanism, Democracy and conflict management. · That construction of the youth centre is started.
Activities	Offering voluntary work at internally displaced peoples camps Promoting of Peace building and conflict management Construction, brick laying etc. Promoting democracy in the local community as a means of achieving peace in the region. A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Cultural and educational visits	Visit internally displaced people’s camps Visit children and mothers centre Visit agro forestry projects Participate in cultural events. A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Who qualify to participate	One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures Ambition to learn about conflicts and understand conflict resolution in different societies. Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation NB: No special or particular expertise/skills required, however Participants with skills in guidance and interactive games are welcome to participate
Location	Gulu Branch is located in Gulu District. Gulu District Is located in the Northern part of Uganda boarded by Kitgum District in the East, Pader in the northeast, Lira District in the southeast and Masindi District in the Southwest. The project is situated in Gulu Town Gulu Municipality. The area where the camp is going to take place is secure and safe for participants.
The Host Community	The project location is in a predominantly Acholi population speaking Luo with a good number fluent in English.
Participation	30 participates are expected from UPA branches countrywide and others from the international community. Participants are expected to work for 5 hours a day on the different activities and have Games, sports, Music, Drama and group discussions in the afternoon. On some days, external resource persons shall be invited to conduct formal training in conflict resolution.
Health Services	Gulu Health Centre is 1 km away from the camp site, while Lacor main Hospital is 12km away. A number of privately run clinics are also available in Gulu town
Water Source	The water is accessible and clean; the borehole is 100 meters away from the project while tap water is also available in the area
Climate	During the period of the camp in July the temperatures will be ranging between 20ċ to 30ċ. It will be sunny with a few intervals of rain.
Accommodation	The project will provide simple rooms with closed doors and windows. Therefore participants are required to carry along with them working shoes, gloves, working cloth, sleeping mats and bags, mosquito nets, their national flags, pictures and different games if possible.
Meals	Volunteers will prepare their own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from

‘Renovation work and Environment Conservation’ by Bukomero UPA Branch Duration: 3 WEEKS Dates: 14th July – 4th August
PROJECT'S NAME	UPA Bukomero Branch
PROJECT BACK GROUND	Bukomero is a branch of the Association .it has a farm of more than 50acres of land UPA intends to carry out a construction of a youth Center that will be used by the youth in Bukomero and Kiboga district to access youth friendly activities and trainings in different technical subjects.
ACTIVITIES	Renovation and construction of a Youth Centre Brick laying Mixing sand and cement Collecting bricks, mortar and water Environment Conservation Planting 2 acres of different species of trees Preparation of 2 acres of nursery beds with an aim of organic Farming
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL VISITS	Katera historical stones Visit Katera Hill Cultural Nights will be organised for the different countries represented at the work camp
WHO QUALIFIES TO PARTICIPATE?	¨ One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures ¨ Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. ¨ Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation ¨ No expertise/skills required
LOCATION	Bukomero UPA Branch is found in Kiboga District. Kiboga District is located in the central part of Uganda boarded by Luweero District in the northeast, Masindi in the northwest, Mubende district in the south and Kibale district in the southwest.
PHYSICAL LOCATION	The project is situated at Bukomero sub County Zone L.C1, 2km on Hoima Road Town council, 60km North of Kampala on Kampala – Hoima Road.
HEALTH SERVICES	Kiboga Health Centre is only 4 KM, while Bukomero main Hospital is only 1km away.
WATER SOURCE	The water is accessible and clean; the borehole is 50 meters away from the project.
CLIMATE	☼During the period of the camp in July the temperatures will be ranging between 20ċ to 27ċ. It will be sunny with few intervals of rain.
PARTICIPATION	The project expects 30 participants, from the local community, UPA Branch members from around Uganda and International participants from different countries.
THE HOST COMMUNITY	The project location is in a predominantly Baganda population speaking Luganda with a good number fluent in English.
ACCOMMODATION	The project will provide simple rooms with closing doors and windows. Therefore participants are required to carry along with them working shoes, gloves, working cloth, sleeping mats and bags, mosquito nets, their national flags, pictures and different games if possible.
MEALS	Volunteers will prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from

“Music Dance and drama production and promotion” by UPA Cultural troupe Duration: 3 Weeks Dates: 4th August – 25th August
Project Name	Uganda Pioneers’ Association Cultural Troupe.
Project Theme	Music Dance and drama production and promotion
Project Background	UPA Cultural troupe runs its activities through music dance and drama and promotes community development through sanitation, environmental management and HIV/AIDS awareness. The Cultural troupe started in 1994 as a pilot project of UPA. At present the branch runs community projects through work camps aimed at building schools and other development work for the community.
Project Objectives	· To promote intercultural cooperation among youth and other group members. · To enhance educational awareness through music dance and drama. · To make local musical instruments for the Cultural Troupe, schools and the local community. · To enhance sanitation knowledge, sports and interaction through music and drama.
Expected Outcome	After the work camp participants will have acquired team work skills and respect of each others culture. UPACT will have music instruments for its members to use. Sports and Drama activities will promote intercultural understanding with the different local communities.
Beneficiaries	The beneficiaries are the community in Bukomero village, Mubende district.
Activities	Making and construction of different music instruments for the branch Drama, sports and music as a means to promote intercultural understanding Sports and games Construction of drying racks in different parts of the community Rock and hill climbing. A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Cultural and educational visits	· Playing mirror games and major games · Making of musical instruments · Story telling and rhymes · Music dance and drama songs. · Different Sports games
Who qualify to participate	Open minded, ready to interact with other people of different cultural background Willing to share his/her experiences Flexible to live/stay in simple life conditions Flexible to the taste of other foods (local) Ready to work on the projects No experience needed
Location	The camp will take place in Bukomero Village in Kiboga district 56 kilo meters from capital city Kampala
The Host Community	The people in this part of Uganda are multi tribal with the majority population being Baganda. And the major language spoken is Luganda also a big percentage of people speaking English well. The major food eaten in this region matoke, cassava, sweet potatoes, rice, beans, ground nuts, yams etc. Like most regions in Uganda people in this community always welcome visitors and always interested to talk/work with people from other cultural backgrounds
Participation	The project expects 35 participants maximum with a composition of people from other regions of Uganda and people from the north of the world (that is Europe, Asia and America). The camp participants will be joined by other community people working for 6 hours daily from Monday to Friday. Work collecting rush, educative discussion with the community members on sustainable environment management and construction of energy saving stoves.
Health Services	The Health services are near. The main hospital is only 3Km away from the camp site with a possibility to get transport.
Water Source	· The water source is 1/2km away from the camp site
Climate	The temperatures usually range between 19 and 29 C with few rains during the month of August. This region is very green all the year due to two seasons of rains in the year.
Accommodation	· We shall provide simple rooms for sleeping · Participant will use their sleeping bags and mats · The camp site has simple bathrooms with no showers · The camp site has latrines not toilets · And a simple cooking shelter (kitchen) · Participants are requested to bring with them mosquito nets, working clothes and shoes · If any games, information/pictures from home country bring them
Meals	· There several local foods, matooke, cassava, sweet potatoes, · Yams, pumpkin and also rice, spaghetti, meat, fish, ground nuts, beans, peas and different types green vegetables · Fruits can also be easily bought from local markets, mangoes, sweet bananas, water melon, pineapples etc · Participants will chose food to prepare depending on the availability

Psychosocial support and guidance to 25 HIV/AIDS Orphans and Construction of Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre Duration: : 3 WEEKS Dates - 11th August – 1st September
Project Name	Basajjansolo community Center
Project Theme	“Psychosocial support and guidance to fight Stigma in HIV/AIDS Orphans”
Project Background	Over 90% of the HIV/AIDS orphans in Luwero District live in acute shortage of access to Psychosocial support and guidance. Given this background it is important that these orphans get the opportunity to be introduced to Education that positively contribute to improving their living conditions and assure them a hopeful future. Career guidance education in vocational, life skills and providing emotional care therefore becomes an inevitable intervention. Without this, the orphans remain vulnerable to a situation that further exposes them to emotional behaviour, losing hope, stigma and discrimination. With the HIV/AIDS rate still at 23% in Luwero District, the challenge of handling Orphans affected by HIV/AIDS is expected to outstrip the available services in the District in the near future. Basajjansolo Community Development Association (BACODA) is a community-based organisation founded and registered in 2003 under Ref NO. CD - 312 - 03 of Luwero District Community Development Department. Since its inception, BACODA started construction of Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre to provide basic, vocational and life skills education to HIV/AIDS and other disadvantaged orphans. The training Centre too plans to provide Psychosocial support and guidance to orphans by offering them the opportunity to access education that aims at creating own jobs than seekers for self-reliance. Besides basic education the centre intends to train orphans in extracurricular activities including sports, Music, Dance, Drama and craftsmanship skills. Today, the Training Centre has two classrooms already roofed and intends to start on life skills training to 25 HIV/AIDS orphans come April 2006. The training shall be tailored to include activities that will build self-reliance, reduce emotions and raise hope in these orphans as a means of fighting Stigma, discrimination and unemployment in HIV/AIDS and other disadvantaged orphans in Luwero District. The workcamp activities shall therefore rotate on building the training Centre and the capacity of the 25 HIV/AIDS Orphans towards self-reliance.
Project Objectives	1. Classrooms construction at Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre 2. Conducting Psychosocial support and guidance Training sessions to workcamp participants and 25 HIV/AIDS orphans through Games, Sports, Music, Drama and open discussions. 3. Sensitise 500 people in 4 villages of Luwero Town Council on the need to care for HIV/AIDS orphans in order to reduce Stigma and discrimination.
Expected Outcome	50 people shall be sensitized on caring for HIV/AIDS Orphans A classroom will be built at Basajjansolo Memorial Training Centre 25 HIV/AIDS orphan shall interact with the work camp participants Reduced cases of Stigma in HIV/AIDS orphans in Luwero Town Council Increased awareness in the people of Luwero Town Council on the need to understand, intervene, relate and effectively manage the psychological and social dynamics of HIV/AIDS orphans.
Activities	Construction of a classroom Brick laying Mixing sand and cement Collecting bricks, mortar and water Psychosocial Support and guidance for HIV/AIDS orphans · Lectures on HIV/AIDS, Counseling and care for orphans · Open discussions and debates · Games, Sports, Music, Dance and Drama with the orphans Orphan support home visits and Interaction with HIV/AIDS affected families
Cultural and educational visits	Visit HIV/AID orphans Centre - Bamunanika Visit Luwero Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre Visit HIV/AIDS Post Club – Bamunanika
Who qualifies to participate	One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures Ambition to help HIV/AIDS orphans and affected families Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation NB: No special or particular expertise/skills required, however participants with skills in Psychosocial support and guidance, interactive games, handling children issues and Counseling stands an added advantage.
Location	The work camp shall take place in Galuwero Zone L.C1 Village, Luwero Town Council, Luwero District. The Project site is located 2km on Ngoma rd, from Luwero, 60km North of Kampala on Kampala - Gulu Road. Luwero District Is located in the central part of Uganda boarded by Wakiso District in the south, Nakasongola in the north, Nakaseke in the North-west
The Host Community	The project location is in a predominantly Baganda population speaking Luganda with a good number fluent in English. The work camp shall draw participants from Basajjansolo Community Development Association on behalf of the local community, Volunteers from Uganda Pioneers Association and a few volunteers to be invited from Kenyan and Tanzanian counterparts. The local Community shall be involved in the project during the home visits and work camp participants’ drama presentations to the general public. The debates and discussions shall too be open for participation of the local population. It is hoped that the local community shall heavily benefit in the drama presentations and discussions where topical issues on extending emotional care to HIV/AIDS orphans shall be discussed.
Participation	A maximum of 30 participants is expected from the local community, UPA Branch members from around Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan and International participants from different countries. Participants are expected to work for 5 hours a day on the construction and have Games, sports, Music, Drama and group discussions in the afternoon. On some days too external resource persons shall be invited to conduct formal training sessions on the work camp theme.
Health Services	Kasana Health Centre is only 4 KM, while Kiwoko main Hospital is only 12km away. Where the sickness insists, the project site is located only one and half hours’ drive to the main Hospitals in Kampala, the Capital City of Uganda.
Water Source	The Project site has access to piped water and bore hole is 200 meters away from the project.
Climate	Uganda currently faces a very changing weather. The month of August continues to be characterized with a mixture of Rain and sunshine. It is therefore occasionally wet. Bringing a rain coat, rubber boats, warm cloth and Umbrella will be advisable. Please bring some light cloth too it may turn out to be hot despite the rains.
Accommodation	The project will provide one big classroom. Participants shall be required to carry along own working shoes, gloves, cloth, sleeping mats, bags and mosquito nets. Carrying your national flags, pictures and different games reflecting your own life, culture and Country will be appreciated for the group interaction and sharing if possible.
Meals	Volunteers will divide themselves in Groups to prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from.

‘Construction of an extension on UPA office and Volunteer Guest House’ by Central Branch Duration: 3 Weeks Date: 18th August – 8th September
Project Name	UPA Central Branch.
Project Theme	Construction of Office and Guest house
Project Background	UPA Central Branch is located in Wakiso District at the premises of UPA Head office in Nansana, Ocheng Zone, eight (8) miles Hoima Road not far from Kampala. Central Branch (Project) is among the ten branches of Uganda Pioneer’s Association spread around Uganda and its main activities are in the area of Sexual Reproductive Healthy sensitization targeting the youth both in school and out of school in Nansana Town Council Wakiso District. In addition to the above Project, Central Branch has been involved in the work camp activities since 1989 working with different communities to assist in the development of communities. For example cleaning water springs, road maintenance, raising school class rooms, healthy centres, community centres and environment conservation (planting trees) etc.
Project Objectives	§ To increase the office space for Uganda Pioneers Association. § To Expand the UPA guest house that accommodates international volunteers both short term and long term. § Construct a fence around the UPA office and guest house so as to improve the security of the premises.
Expected Outcome	It is expected after the work camp: UPA will have a building for its volunteers and office. Better security for the international volunteers and UPA property
Beneficiaries	Primary: UPA members Secondary: work camp participants, international volunteers and local community
Activities	Construction of a classroom Brick laying Mixing sand and cement Collecting bricks, mortar and water A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Cultural and educational visits	During the work camp period the participants will visit the following places: · Visit Kasubi King’s tombs: This is a famous place where Buganda Kingdom kings where buried, with a lot of historical information · Visit Wamala King’s tombs: This is also similar to the above · Visit Entebbe botanical gardens: This is a thick forest with a variety of different tree spices, monkeys, butter flies and birds
Who qualify to participate	Open minded, ready to interact with other people of different cultural background Willing to share his/her experiences Flexible to live/stay in simple life conditions Flexible to the taste of other foods (local) Ready to work on the projects No experience needed
Location	· Nansana Town council is 8kilo meters from Kampala the capital of Uganda, Found in central region of Uganda in Wakiso District · Bukomero Village in Kiboga district 56 kilo meters from capital city Kampala
The Host Community	The people found in central Uganda are multi tribal with the majority population being Baganda tribal people. And the major language spoken is Luganda with also a big percentage of people speaking English well. The major food eaten in this region matoke, cassava, sweet potatoes, rice, beans, ground nuts, yams etc. Like most regions in Uganda people in this community always welcome visitors and always interested to talk/work with people from other cultural backgrounds
Participation	The project expects 35 participants maximum with a composition of people from other regions of Uganda and people from the north of the world (that is Europe, Asia and America). The camp participants will be joined by other community people working for 6 hours daily from Monday to Friday. Work collecting rush, educative discussion with the community members on sustainable environment management and construction of energy saving stoves.
Health Services	At Nansana the there several medical clinics at distance of less than a kilo meter and the main hospital is at 8 miles in Kampala In Bukomero the hospital is a 3 kilo meter distance from the camp site with possible transport to reach to the hospital
Water Source	· Water in Nansana camp site is at the camp site tap water · At Bukomero the place has rain collecting tank and bore hole at 1 kilo meter distance
Climate	The temperatures usually range between 16 and 29 C with few rains during the month of August and September. This region is very green all the year due to two seasons of rains in the year.
Accommodation	· We shall provide simple rooms for sleeping · Participant will use their sleeping bags and mats · The camp site have simple bathrooms with no showers · The camp sites have latrines not toilets · And a simple cooking shelter (kitchen) · Participants are requested to bring with them mosquito nets, working clothes and shoes · If any games, information/pictures from home country bring them
Meals	· There several local foods, matooke, cassava, sweet potatoes, · Yams, pumpkin and also rice, spaghetti, meat, fish, ground nuts, beans, peas and different types green vegetables · Fruits can also be easily bought from local markets, mangoes, sweet bananas, water melon, pineapples etc · Participants will chose food to prepare depending on the availability

PAKWACH BRANCH INTERNATIONAL WORKCAMP ON HIV/AIDS Duration: 3 WEEKS Dates: 15th September – 6th October 2008
PROJECT'S NAME	Youth Action against HIV/AIDS
PROJECT THEME	“ Promoting Responsible attitudes for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care”
PROJECT BACK GROUND	Pakwach branch officially registered with UPA in 2000 with the aim of helping the youth in Jonam County to participate in community development work. The branch is located in Jonam County, Nebbi District, North Western Uganda. Jonam County is a semi arid area with very unfavourable conditions for basic agriculture. The community mainly live the scare natural resources that are strained hence rampant environment degradation. Food supplies are dependent on imports from neighbouring districts. Situated on the business transit route to Southern Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Pakwach town is exposed to a high HIV/AIDS infection rate due to the traffic and people who stop by for a night (s) on their way to their destinations. Heavy drinking and unemployment is high in the youths as a result many have been sexually abused over the influence of alcohol or lured into commercial sex, prostitution and immorality ending up contracting HIV/AIDS. UPA Pakwach branch has been for a while been engaged in initiatives that address the HIV/AIDS challenge and is committed to designing new methods. The international workcamp is therefore designed to scale up the sensitisation efforts by use of Forum theatre.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

To equip 30 local and International youth with skills in Forum theatre for mobilisation and sensitisation on HIV/AIDS To mobilise and sensitise 2000 people in Jonam County on HIV/AIDS prevention and care. To advocate for youth friendly approaches in handling HIV/AIDS through Forum theatre To popularise the ACT, LEARN and TEACH UNESCO Theatre, HIV and Aids Toolkit for Youth in Africa. Increase level of awareness of HIV/AIDS effects in youth in Joanam County.

EXPECTED RESULTS

3 workshops conducted on Peace building mechanisms and conflict management 3 visits to domestic violence areas in Pakwach sub county, Pakwach town Council i.e Panyigoro fishing community. 2 workshops conducted on HIV/AIDS prevention testing and counselling. 1 Agricultural demonstration set and brick making for a post Aids clinic Workshops on Agro- processing set i.e. Cake making with millet , etc

ACTIVITIES	· Open discussions and debates · Holding workshops on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care. · Lectures on HIV/AIDS counselling and care for parents/children · Visit Post AIDS clubs · Performing forum theatre on HIV/AIDS prevention and care · Conducting interactive sports with local communities. · Radio talk shows · One-day public dialogue
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL VISITS	Visit local communities in the fishing villages Visit voluntary counselling and testing services and provide youth friendly services Visit to hospitals where HIV/AIDS testing is done Visit to primary and Secondary schools for forum theatre presentations Visit historical sites i.e Wanglei Puvumgu and Emin Pasha’s Tomb (WADELAI), NOTE There are other available opportunities to visit tourist places like Muchsion falls, Hot and cool Amor pii (Panyimur), Nyangak falls, Aguu Hill all in PAIDHA). Lendu forests (Zeu Sub County) but will require people who can pay for them selves.
WHO QUALIFIES TO PARTICIPATE?	One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures. National and international volunteers Willing to take up tasks as peer educators One with ambition to learn about HIV/AIDS and understand how to prevent it Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation No expertise/skills required
LOCATION	The work camp will take place at UPA Pakwach branch, “ABONGO WOMEN’S GROUP PREMISES, Kamana Zone B”. Pakwach Town Council is I n Nebbi District, West Nile region. Pakwach branch is located 420 km (6-7hrs) drive from Kampala. It is on the banks on river Nile just 1 Km on Kampala – Arua road.

HEALTH SERVICES

Pakwach Health Centre IV is only ½ km away from the site and there are other private health services, while Nebbi main Health hospital is about 50 km away from the site on Arua road.

THE HOST COMMUNITY

The project is situated at Lubiri A zone 100 m from Pakwach Town Council office. The workcamp shall be hosted by community members of UPA Pakwach branch and affiliated groups. The project is in a predominantly Alur population speaking Alur language with a good number fluent in English. The workcamp shall draw participants from the local community volunteers from Uganda Pioneers’ Association and volunteers from thee international community. The debates and discussions shall be open for participation of the local population. Ii is hoped that the local community shall heavily benefit from the discussion on HIV/AIDS and the agro-forestry practices.

PARTICIPATION	We encourage participation of all races world wide. A maximum of 30 participants from different countries. Participants are expected to work 5 hours a day on Agriculture practices, brick moulding and pot filling and have games, sports, and music, drama and group discussions in the afternoon. On some days, external resource persons shall be invited to conduct formal training sessions on the workcamp theme.
WATER SOURCE	The project site has a water tap, a bore hole and a river source..
CLIMATE	During the period of the workcamp in September the temperatures will range between 26 – 30 degrees centigrade. It will also have rain intervals of sunshine. It is occasionally wet in most of the months. Carrying gum boots (bid shoes), a rain coat or umbrella is recommendable.
ACCOMMODATION	The accommodation shall be providing within Abongo Women’s’ Group premises. Participants shall be required to carry along own working cloth, boots, sleeping mats, bags and mosquito nets.
MEALS	Participants will divide themselves in Groups to prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from.

Construction of Kikooba health Centre, Games, Sports and painting with Kikooba Infant School” by Kikooba Branch Duration: 3 weeks Dates: 27th October - 17th November
Project Name	UPA Kikooba Branch
Project Theme	“A better health for all ”
Project Background	Kikooba is a Branch of Uganda Pioneers Association. It is one of the oldest branches and was formed in 1989 when the organization started. Kikooba UPA branch intends to continue with the construction of a health Centre that began two years ago. The health centre shall provide basic health services to the surrounding community. The local community has to walk more than 20 km to the nearest health unit. The branch also intends to continue with the construction of a classroom block that houses primary one to primary four. An integrated part of the project is information work on health and hygiene in general and sexual reproductive health in particular. Methods such as peer education and information theatre will be used. The majority of the branch members are women and the branch runs a primary school and a craft production project.
Project Objectives	To finalise the construction of a health centre at Kikooba UPA Branch To Conduct games, sports and paintings with Kikooba Infant school
Expected Outcome	. Health centre construction will be finalised Games, sports and paintings will improve the learning ability of the children
Activities	1. Construction of a classroom Brick laying Mixing sand and cement Collecting bricks, mortar and water § Open discussions and debates § Games, Sports, Music, Dance and Drama with the local community. 2. Visits and Interaction with the local community to understand their culture. 3. A cultural night will be organised and participants will displace items, songs and dances from there home countries and traditions
Cultural and educational visits	Caves and historical stones Climbing rocks and hills in the area Visit local community and understand they way of life
Who qualifies to participate	One with Positive attitude, willing to interact with a diversity of cultures Ability to Adopt and enjoy living in simple conditions. Willing to taste a variety of local foods and rural accommodation NB: No special or particular expertise/skills required, however Participants with skills in guidance and interactive games are most welcome to participate.
Location	The project is situated at Kikooba Zone L.C1, 2km from Kiboga town on Hoima road 50km North of Kampala. The branch is found in Kiboga District. Kiboga District is located in the central part of Uganda boarded by Luweero District in the northeast, Masindi in the northwest, Mubende district in the south and Kibale district in the south west.
The Host Community	The project location is in a predominantly Baganda population speaking Luganda with a good number fluent in English. The work camp shall draw participants from the local community, volunteers from Uganda Pioneers Association and volunteers from the international community. The debates and discussions shall too be open for participation of the local population. It is hoped that the local community shall heavily benefit from the discussions on HIV/AIDS and the construction of the health centre.
Participation	A maximum of 30 participants is expected from the local community, UPA Branch members from around Uganda and International participants from different countries. Participants are expected to work for 5 hours a day on the construction and have games, sports, and music, drama and group discussions in the afternoon. On some days external resource persons shall be invited to conduct formal training sessions on the work camp theme.
Health Services	Kiboga Health Centre is only 24 KM, while Namayumba main Hospital is only 12km away.
Water Source	The Project site has a bore hole which is 400 meters away from the project.
Climate	During the period of the camp, the temperatures will be ranging between 20ċ to 27ċ. It will be sunny with intervals of rainfall. It is therefore occasionally wet. Bringing a rain coat, rubber boats, warm cloth and Umbrella will be advisable. Please bring some light cloth too it may turn out to be hot despite the rains.
Accommodation	The project will provide one big classroom. Participants shall be required to carry along own working shoes, gloves, cloth, sleeping mats, bags and mosquito nets. Carrying your national flags, pictures and different games reflecting your own life, culture and Country will be appreciated for the group interaction and sharing if possible.
Meals	Volunteers will divide themselves in groups to prepare own meals using charcoal and firewood. There is a variety of local foods to choose from.